ጰ

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~ ጰ/ ~ P.e ~

     ጰ/ Ṣä: An extra labialized consonant; the 25th letter in order and appearance; its form is derived from ጸ (Ṣä) and its sound is a labialized form of በ (Bä) its name is ጴት ጰይት (Pet Ṣäyət), which is like saying ቤት በይት (Bet Beyt). Its numerical value is 700; when it is a numeral, ጰ (Ṣä) is called ሰብዐቱ ምእት (Säbʿätu Məʾət), meaning seven hundred; see the numerals of the Abugida. Later people added a dot on top of it and called it ጸን ጰ (TṢä Sä) but in the Sabaean script, which existed before Geez, its labialization and doubling were only of በ (Bä) in both form and sound; see the meaning of ፀን (Ṣän) and የዐጰ ዐን (Yäʿäṗä ʿAn) to understand its original shape and formation. Although ጰ (Ṣä) and ፐ (Pä) are two different types, they are secretly one sound unit; it is said that ጰ (Ṣä) was pronounced as ፐ (Pä) when softened, and ፐ (Pä) was pronounced as ጰ (Ṣä) when hardened. It should be known that all words written with ጰ (Ṣä) and ፐ (Pä) are found as ፐ (Pä) in Greek, Coptic, Latin, and Hebrew. ጰ (Ṣä) and ፐ (Pä) are not necessarily needed for the Geez language; for example, Arabs say ቡጥሩስ ቡሉስ ቢላጦስ (Buṭrus Bulus Bilāṭos) instead of ጴጥሮስ ጳውሎስ ጲላጦስ (Ṣ̣eṭros Ṣ̣awlos Ṣ̣ilāṭos) or ፔትሮስ ፓውሎስ ፒላቶስ (Petros Pawlos Pilatos) and Hebrews say ፌጥሮስ ፎሉስ ፊላጦስ (Feṭros Folus Filatos) for Geez, በ (Bä) or ፈ (Fä) would have sufficed instead of ጰ (Ṣä) and ፐ (Pä). Except for completely raw and existing names of foreign languages that came from Greek, Coptic, and Latin and were not translated, or unless it is Galla and Wolaytta, there is no word that requires ጰ (Ṣä) and ፐ (Pä) in Geez, Amharic, Tigre, and Tigrinya; it does not exist. The fact that it was not an original Geez letter and that it was a later addition shows its labialized nature. ጰ (Ṣä) has survived in Gallinya, and ፐ (Pä) is found in Wolaytta; but Gallinya seems Semitic and Sabaean.

ጰላሞን/ Ṣälāmon: Name of a person.

ጰላጢኖስ/ Ṣälāṭinos: (ጽር፤ ፕላታኖስ) Name of a tree; a type of tree; great and majestic like a fig tree and a juniper tree. But the ancient people specifically called it ሾላ (šola), ብሳና (bəsana), ለውዝ (läwəz), ገውዝ (gäwəz) [various types of trees/nuts]. “ኖኅኩ ከመ በቀልት፤ ወዐበይኩ ከመ ጰላጢኖስ” I grew like a palm tree, and I became tall like a plane tree (ሢራ፳፬: ፲፬).

ጰራልያ/ Ṣärallya: (ጽር ፓራሊዮስ) Seashore; edge, border; harbor limit; nearby, neighbor. “ጰራልያ ዘምድረ ከነዓን።” Of the land of Canaan. “ሰብአ ጰራልያ” People of the coast (ዘዳ፩: ፯። ኢያ፲፩: ፫። ሕዝ፳፭: ፲፮).

ጰራቅሊጦስ/ Ṣärāḳəḷiṭos: (ጽር ፓራክሊቶስ። ዕብ ፕራቅሊጥ) Hebrew: (Pərāqlīṭ) Intercessor, mediator; advocate; interpreter, helper; one who speaks sweetly; from whose mouth drips honey. “ወእመኒ ቦ ዘአበሰ ብነ ኀበ አብ ጰራቅሊጦስ ኢየሱስ ክርስቶስ ጻድቅ።” And if anyone sins, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous. “ወአፉየ ሙሴ ለእመ ኮነ ጸያፈ፤ ጰራቅሊጦስ አሮን ይኩነኒ አፈ” And if my mouth, Moses, was hesitant; let Aaron the Paraclete be my mouth (፩ዮሐ: ፪: ፩። ደራሲ).

: Comforter, strengthener; rejoicer; Holy Spirit. Pentecost; the fiftieth day after the Resurrection, the tenth day after the Ascension; it falls on Sunday. “እስእሎ ለአብ ይፈኑ ለክሙ ጰራቅሊጦስሀ ካልአ።” I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Paraclete. “ወቡሩክ መንፈስ ቅዱስ ጰራቅሊጦስ መጽንዔ ኵልነ።” And the blessed Holy Spirit, the Paraclete, strengthens us all. “ዕለተ ጰራቅሊጦስ ዘውእቱ ተፍጻሜተ ኀምሳ” The day of the Paraclete, which is the completion of fifty days (ዮሐ፲፬: ፲፮። ቅዳ። አቡሻ: ፴፰).

ጰንገለ/ Ṣängälä) [1]: (ጽር አፓንጌሊን፤ ገንጰለ) ገንጰለ (gänäṣälä) He read; he answered; he translated; he turned over; he wrote. He read; he saw, he understood; he looked at; of a book. But the book says አጰንገለ (ʾäṗängälä) instead of ጰንገለ (Ṣängälä), like its Greek form; it is not appropriate. “ዘያጰነግል መጻሕፍተ እግዚ ዘብሉይ ወዘሐዲስ።” He who reads the books of God, both old and new. “ይደልዎ ለኤጲስቆጶስ የኀሊ ተሓሥሦ ወአጰንግሎ መጻሕፍት በበ መትልው።” It is fitting for a bishop to diligently examine and read the books according to their order. “ፈከረ ሐዲሰ ወአጰንገለ ብሉየ።” He preached the new and read the old. “አጰንገለ ሎሙ መጻሕፍተ በነገረ ብሔሮሙ፤ መለሰ” He read the books to them in their native language; he answered (ቀሌ። ዲድ: ፬። ስንክ: ኅዳ፮። አዋል). “ያጰነግሉ መጻሕፍተ።” They read the books. “ውስተ ጸሎታቲሆሙ ወአጰንግሎቶሙ።” In their prayers and readings. “ይደሉ ለውጡናን ከመ ያብዝኁ አጰንግሎ ውስተ ትእዛዛት ወውስተ ትሩፋት፤ ተመለከተ: ” It is fitting for the converted to increase reading in commandments and in good deeds; he looked at (ሥር: ጳኵ። ፊልክ: ፸፫። ፻፵፯).

[2]: (ፈንገለ (fänäggälä) He leaped; he became a leaper. See ገንጰለ (gänäṣälä).

ጰንጋሊ/ Ṣängali) or መጵንግል/ Mäṣəngəl: One who reads and answers; reader, observer. መጰንግል (Mäṣəngəl) “መጰንግል ዘይቤ ተርጓሚ ወአንባቤ መጽሐፍ በቃል” who is said to be a translator and reader of the book by word (ጥሬ: ሰዋ).

ጰንጠቆስጤ/ Ṣänṭäḳosṭe) or ቴ/ Te: (ጽር ፔንቲኮስቲ) Pentecost; the fiftieth day after Easter; Feast of Weeks; Paraclete. “በዓለ ጰንጠቆስጤ ቅድስት።” Holy Feast of Pentecost. “መዋዕለ ጰንጠቆስጤ።” Days of Pentecost. “ሰላም ለድሜጥሮስ ሐጋጌ አጽዋም እምስቴ፤ ወሠራዔ መብልዕ በጰንጠቆስጤ” Peace to Demetrius, the establisher of fasts from women; and the arranger of meals on Pentecost (ጦቢ፪: ፩። ግብ፪: ፩። ፳: ፲፮። ስንክ: ጥቅ፲፪).

ጰንጤን/ Ṣänṭen) or ጳንጦስ/ Ṣanṭos: (ጽር ፖንቶን) Name of a country; located in Asia (ማቴ፳፯: ፪። ፩ጴጥ: ፩: ፩).

ጰይት/ Ṣäyət) or ጴት/ Ṣet: Name of the letter; ጰ (Ṣä). It means በዪት ቤት (Bäyit Bet) ጰ (Ṣä) and በ (Bä) are of the same origin. There are also those who interpret ጰንጠቆስጤ (Ṣänṭäḳosṭe) as ጰራቅሊጦስ (Ṣärāḳəḷiṭos).

ጲላጦስ/ Ṣ̣ilāṭos: Name of a person.

ጲክሶን/ Ṣ̣ikson: (ጽር ፒክሶስ) Thorny tree; acacia; type of acacia. See ሰጢ (Säṭi) it is the same as this. “ብሔረ አርዝ ወዕፀ ጲቅሶን” The land of cedars and the tree of boxwood (ኢሳ፵፩: ፲፱).

ጳሒን/ Ṣ̣ahin: ( ቅብጥ ፓዖኒ) Name of a month; June. See በኡናህ (Bäʾunahi) it is the same as this (ስንክ: ሠኔ፲፱). Furthermore, instead of ጳሒ (Ṣ̣ahi), it says ጵዮ (Ṣ̣yo) the meaning is the same (መጽ: ምስ).

ጳልቃን/ Ṣ̣alḳan: (ጽር ፔሌካን) Unclean. See ቀቀኖ (Ḳäḳäno) it is the same as this. But the teachers give the meaning of ከራድዮንንዕ (Käradyonənəʿ) to ጳልቃ (Ṣ̣alḳa) and interpret it. See ከራድዮን (Käradyon).

ጳሲካ/ Ṣ̣asika: (ጽር ፓስኻ) Passover; Pascha. “ወይገብሩ ጳሲካ” And they observed the Passover (ኩፋ: ፵፱። ፶).

ጳስጦፎርያ/ Ṣ̣asṭoforya: (ጽር ፓስቶርዮን) Storehouse; ቤተ መዛግብት/ treasury (ኤር፴፭: ፬).

ጳሬኑ/ Ṣ̣arenu: (ጽር ፓሪኑ) (ጽር ፓሪኑ) Good stone; perfectly white; type of marble. Pearl; name of a pearl.

ጳኵሚስ/ Ṣ̣akumis: (ቅብጥ ፓኹም) Name of a person; great monk; the third after Antony; Antony begot Macarius and Palemon; Palemon begot Pachomius; Pachomius begot Theodore; Theodore the Elder of Debre Damon begot him. Pachomius lived for forty full years as the father of the community. “ራእይ ዘአባ ጳኵሚስ።” The Vision of Abba Pachomius. “ሥርዐተ ጳኵሚስ።” The Rule of Pachomius.

ጳኵምስ/ Ṣ̣akums: (ቅብጥ ፓኾን፤ ፓሾንስ) Name of a month; May (ስንክ: ሠኔ፲፱).

ጳኵሲማ/ Ṣ̣akusima: (ጽር ፓክሳማስ። ዕብ ፓክሳም) Dry bread; rusk; type of unleavened biscuit; baked and roasted so that it does not get moldy or stale, and lasts for many days, food of monks. Two old men went on a journey and were eating; and one of them desired his ጳኵሲማ (Ṣ̣akusima) and the other said to him, Why do you make it last long and gladden your heart? “በዕለተ ሰንበት ይበልዕ አሐደ ጳኵሲማ።” On the Sabbath day he eats one ጳኵሲማ (Ṣ̣akusima). “ወይትሜጦ አሐደ ጳኵሲማ እምኅብስት ወሐምል” And he takes one ጳኵሲማ (Ṣ̣akusima) instead of bread and vegetables (ፊልክ: ፸፰። ስንክ: ታኅ፲፭። ፲፯).

ጳውሎስ/ Ṣ̣awlos: (ጽር ፓፍሎስ። ሮማይ ፓውሉስ) Small; little.

ጳውቄና/ Ṣ̣awḳena: (ጽር ዝፍኪና) Wood; that becomes a smooth board; that can be planed and carved; like cedar and juniper. But the ancient people specifically called it ጥድ ኵሓ (ṭəd kwaḥa) [cedar wood] (፫ነገ: ፭: ፱። ፮: ፲፭: ፴። ፱: ፲፩። ፪ዜና: ፪: ፰).

ጳዝዮን/ Ṣ̣azyon [1]: (ጽር ቶፓዚዎን) Yellow gem; topaz (ዘፀ፳፰: ፲፯። ፴፮: ፲፯። ሕዝ፳፰: ፲፫). Instead of ወራውሬ (wärawre), it says ጳዝዮን (Ṣ̣azyon), and instead of ጳዝዮን (Ṣ̣azyon), it says ወራውሬ (wärawre) (ራእ፳፩: ፩).

[2]: (ዕብ ፓዝ። ጽር ቶፓዚዮን) Paz; gold of Ophir; good gold. See ፎዘን (Fozän). “እምወርቅ ወእምጳዝዮን” Of gold and of topaz (መዝ: ፻፲፰).

ጳጕሜን/ Ṣäggʷəmen: (ጽር ሄፓጎሜኔ) leap year; additional supplement; five days and a quarter. Secondly, it is called a remainder because it is left over from the cycle of months and is found at the end of the year. The quarter returns in the fourth year, and the five days become six; this sixth ጳጕሜ (Ṣäggʷəme) is because the four evangelists divided the hours and the latitude by four; it is not counted as the fifth, entering from the epact. And its being the sixth is for the past ጳጕሜ (Ṣäggʷəme) of Luke, not for the future ጳጕሜ (Ṣäggʷəme) of John; and John was born on the first of Mäskäräm, not in ጳጕሜ (Ṣäggʷəme) in the time of John, postponing the Nativity because of ጳጕሜ (Ṣäggʷəme) is a great error. This error began in the time of Emperor Amde Seyon. And if it is about postponing and delaying, what is wrong with just the Nativity? Everything needs to be moved from year to year; and the Resurrection will also be celebrated on Saturday.

ጳጦስ/ Ṣäṭos or ባጦስ/ Baṭos: (ጽር ባቶስ) Bramble bush; evergreen. See ባጦስ (Baṭos) and ሳቤቅ (Sabeḳ). By the bush (ሱቱ: ዕዝ፬: ፫። ማር፲፪: ፳፮። ግብ፯: ፴፭። ዲድ: ፴፮። ድጓ).

ጳጲራ/ Ṣäṗira: Papyrus.

ጳጳስ/ Ṣäṗäs: (ሳት። ጽር ፓፓስ) Priest; Hegumen; friend of the bishop. The laying on of hands of the presbytery (፩ጢሞ: ፬: ፲፬). Just as the priest is called ጳጳስ (Ṣäṗäs), so also the ጳጳስ (Ṣäṗäs) is called priest (፪ዮሐ: ፩። ፊልጵ፩: ፩).

: Bishop; ordainer of priests and deacons. “ዘይፈቅድ ይሠየም ጳጳሰ” If anyone aspires to the office of overseer (፩ጢሞ: ፫: ፩። ቲቶ፩: ፯። ግብ፳: ፳፰። ኪዳ). “ክልኤቱ ምእት ጳጳሳት” Two hundred bishops (ስንክ: መስ፲፪).

: Pope; Metropolitan; head of bishops; appointer; commander. “ወለእመ ሤመ ጳጳስ አሐደ ኤጲስቆጶሰ እምኤጲስቆጶሳት” And if the Pope appoints one bishop from among the bishops (ፍ: ነ: ፬).

ጴጥራ/ Ṣ̣eṭra: (ጽር ፔትራ) Rock; solid stone; cliff.

ጴጥሮስ/ Ṣ̣eṭros: (ጽር ፔትሮስ) Rocky; of rock; man of rock. But the Geez translator, instead of ጴጥሮስ (Ṣ̣eṭros), which means rocky, says ኰኵሕ (käwəkʷəḥ) meaning rock; it is wrong; it is not appropriate. Just as ጴጥሮስ (Ṣ̣eṭros) is distinct, so also are ኰኵሓዊ (käwəkʷəḥawi) and ኰኵሕ (käwəkʷəḥ) distinct. “ወኰኵሕሰ ክርስቶስ ሃይማኖተ ጴጥሮስ ዘተብህለ በአፈ ጴጥሮስ፤ አንተ ውእቱ ክርስቶስ ወልደ እግዚአብሔር፤ እስመ ይቤ ወዲበ ዛቲ ኰኵሕ አሐንጻ ለቤተ ክርስቲያንየ፤ ከመ ዘይቤ ወዲበ ዛቲ ሃይማኖትከ” And the rock is Christ, the faith of Peter which was spoken by the mouth of Peter; You are the Christ, the Son of the living God; for he said, On this rock I will build my church; as if he said, On this your faith (ትር: ወን። ማቴ፲፮: ፲፰። ፩ቆሮ: ፫: ፲ –፲፫። ፲: ፬).

ጴጥያስ ጲጦን/ Ṣ̣eṭyas Ṣ̣iṭon or ጲጦን/ Ṣ̣iṭon: (ጽር ፒቲስ፤ ፒቲዬስ) A good tree with plant wood; fragrant and majestic. See ጢጤን (Ṭiṭen) it is of this kind. The tree of ጴጥያስ (Ṣ̣eṭyas) (ሕዝ፴፩: ፰። ኩፋ: ፳፩).

ጵልንትዩ/ Ṣ̣ələnətyu: (ጽር ፕሊንቲዩ። ዕብ ማልኬን) Place of idols; altar of idols; where the children of Ammon roasted and burned their children for the idol called Molech; see the meaning of Molech. But the ancient people called it exile, house of exile (፪ነገ: ፲፪: ፴፩).

ጵስጥቂስ/ Ṣ̣əsṭiḳis: (ጽር ፒስቲኪስ) Good perfume; precious and honorable (ዮሐ፲፪: ፫).

ጵሩጳጣ/ Ṣ̣əruṗaṭa: (ጽር ፕሮባታ) Sheep; flocks of sheep.

ጵሩጳጥቄ/ Ṣ̣əruṗaṭəḳe: (ጽር ፕሮባቲክ) Of sheep; belonging to sheep. “አንቀጸ ጵሩጳጥቄ” The Sheep Gate (ነሐ፫: ፩: ፴፩። ዮሐ፭: ፪). But the modern people call it the pool of many, of healing, of the feast.

ጵርስፎራ/ Ṣ̣ərsəfora: (ጽር ፕሮስፎራ) Offering of bread; Sabbath offering like ዛቲና (zatina) and ተስፋ (täsəfa) or bread of praise; the Eucharist offered by the faithful. “ጵርስፎራ ዘሰንበት።” ጵርስፎራ (Ṣ̣ərsəfora) of the Sabbath. “ወያብኡ አርባዕተ ጵርስፎራ በዕለተ እሑድ ወሠለስተ በካልኣን ዕለታት።” And they bring four ጵርስፎራ (Ṣ̣ərsəfora) on Sunday and three on other days (ኪዳ። ሥር: ቅዳ).

ጵርንሶ/ Ṣ̣ərənso or ጵርንሶ/ Ṣ̣ərənso: (ጽር ፓሪኒስ) This is like it; pearl (አስቴ፩: ፮).

ጵርዮን/ Ṣ̣əryon or ኒ ዮኖ ስ/ Ni Yono S: (ጽር ፕሪዮን) A mans trap; saw; toothed iron; that cuts and tears apart wood. “አንበሮሙ ውስተ ጵርዮን” He put them in a saw (፪ነገ: ፲፪: ፴፩። ዮዲ፫: ፱).

ጵርድክይሴ/ Ṣ̣ərdəkyise: (ጽር ፔርዲክስ) Guinea fowl of the sea; or pheasant (ገድ: ላሊ).

ጵርጵግ/ Ṣ̣ərṣəg: (ጽርእ) Name of a woman; a widow; who hosted Elijah (ሉቃ፬: ፳፮). It is said that this name was obtained from the words of Yeneta Welde Sellus, a teacher of Ankober; he had received it from his teachers mouth or from apocryphal books.

ጵርፍርዮና/ Ṣ̣ərfəryona: (ጽር ፖርፊሪዮና) Sea raven; inedible (ዘዳ፲፬: ፲፰).

ጵኒኖ/ Ṣ̣ənino: (ጽር ፒኒኑ። ዕብ ፍኒኒም) Pearl; name of a pearl; motherofpearl or other (አስቴ፩: ፮).

ጵንጋሌ/ Ṣ̣əngale: Copying, transcribing; transcription; translation, reading; reading, observation.

ጵዮን/ Ṣ̣yon: June – ጳሒን (Ṣ̣ahin).

ጵጱስ/ Ṣ̣əṗus: (ሳን) Of a bishop; having been made a bishop; one who is a bishop; ordained (መጽ: ምስ).

ጵጳሴ/ Ṣ̣əṗase: To become a bishop; the act of becoming a bishop; ጵጰሳ (Ṣ̣əṗäsa) is the state of being a bishop. “ሢመተ ጵጳሴ” Ordination to the episcopate (ስንክ: መስ፬).

ጵጵስና/ Ṣ̣əṗəsəna: Episcopacy; the rank of being a bishop. “ወሶበ ተሠይመ ጵጵስና ዝንቱ ዘዝኩር በስመ ሊቃናት” And when this aforementioned one was ordained to the episcopacy in the name of the leaders (ፍ: ነ: ፬).

ጶሊስ/ Ṣ̣olis: (ጽር ፖሊስ) City; great city. “ሊቀ ጳጳሳት ስምዖን ዘእስክንድርያ ጶሲስ” Pope Simon of Alexandria ጶሲስ (Ṣ̣osis) (ስንክ: ሐም፳፯).

ጶዴሬ/ Ṣ̣odere: (ጽር ፖዲሪስ) Upper garment; good, honorable cloak; outer robe, mantle; worn by kings and priests. Garment of honor; breastplate; one of the priestly garments. “ዘይለብስ ጶዴረ።” He who wears the ጶዴሬ (Ṣ̣odere). “ልብሰ ጶዴር” The garment of the ጶዴሬ (Ṣ̣odere) (ሕዝ፱: ፪። ሢራ፳፯: ፰። ራእ፩: ፲፫። ዘፀ፳፭: ፯).